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© 1997 Oxford University Press

research-article

Long-term Evolutionary Change in Organizational Populations: Theory, Models and Empirical Findings in Industrial Demography

GLENN R. CARROLL

Haas School of Business #1930, University of California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720–1930, USA

Abstract

Organizational ecology is a theoretical perspective on organizations that attempts to explain long-term social evolution, especially the rise and fall of organizational populations. This article reviews the most sustained demographic research program of the perspective, one based on the density-dependent model of legitimating and competition. It discusses the theoretical model and evidence from industrial demography that has been offered in its support as well as criticisms that have been registered. Unresolved research problems of the program are identified and three major models-in-progress attempting to address these open questions are discussed and compared.


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